- Graphthe market for water park business, labeling the demand curve, the social-value curve, the market equilibrium level of output, and the efficient level of output.
- What is the per-unit amount of the externality?
- You know that the water park will have events in the evening. This will increase both foot traffic and street traffic at night. You believe this will improve the safety of the surrounding businesses, with an estimated benefit of $3 per water park attendee. What kind of externality is this? Why?
- Create a new graph illustrating the market for water park business for these two externalities. Label the demand curve, the social-value curve, the market equilibrium level of output, and the efficient level of output.
- What is the per-unit amount of both externalities?
- Discuss both government and private solutions that would result in an efficient outcome
Impact of creation of a water park on the community around
In
economics, an externality is used to refer to the cost or benefit that affects
a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit. T is a consequence of
an economic activity that is experienced by unrelated third parties. There are
two types of externalities. They can be either positive or negative.
For
instance pollution caused by a factory spoils the surrounding environment and
affects the health of nearby residents is an example of a negative externality.
An example of a positive externality is the effect of a well-equipped and
satisfied labor force on the productivity of a company.
Despite
the positive view of the city council in creating the water park which will
mean an increased surge of visitors and a corresponding surplus flow of income.
The development brings about a negative externality since a burden of $6
dollars is heaped upon each individual in the community. Traffic congestion
will mean delayed business transactions and other significant loses.
In
a competitive market, the supply curve represents the marginal private cost of
producing a good for the firm (labeled MPC) and the demand curve represents the
marginal private benefit to the consumer of consuming the good (labeled MPB).
When no externalities are present, no one other than consumers and producers is
affected by the market.
When
a negative externality on production is present in a market, the marginal
social cost and the marginal private cost are no longer the same. Therefore,
marginal social cost is not represented by the supply curve and is instead
higher than the supply curve by the per-unit amount of the externality.
The
cost of $6 per person in the community is a negative externality. This is an
external costs caused by the building of the water park. This is a negative
externality because it involves added costs to the community. Additionally, the
people within the community where this park will be built are third parties and
do not incur costs or benefits directly (Keppler, 2007). These costs are not
compensated by the city council.
The per-unit amount of the externality is the amount of the
positive or negative externality realized for every unit of good produced by
the council.
In this case the product is the water park that will
increase the traffic. The negative per unit amount of externality is $3.
When businesses enjoy heightened security at night as
well as the community around, this will be a benefit from the water park. Also,
with a benefit of $3 per every attendant to the park the positive extremity is
realized. This is a positive extremity since the city council will get no
refund of the money or in any way the neighbors get to pay the extra benefit
realized from increased traffic and security at night.
The
per unit amount for both externalities is $2.
A sure way of solving the externalities of this project
is having the council cater for the increased cost to the community by cutting
down some of its services to people. Else it should pay the community the same
amount of money. Therefore this can be added to the back to this marginal cost.
The community can benefit by appealing for subsides from the city council.
